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Clermontia lindseyana

Rock (1962)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Clermontia

‘ōhā [oha], ‘ōhā wai [oha wai], hāhā [haha]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or trees, 2.5–6 m tall, terrestrial.

Stems: Stems branched repeatedly, spreading, light gray or light brown, glabrous or rarely pubescent, with numerous helically arranged leaf scars near apex, pith solid, latex white, viscous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblanceolate or elliptic, 13–24 cm long, 3.8–6.5 cm wide. Apex acuminate, acute, or obtuse. Base attenuate. Upper surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent along midrib; lower surfaces pubescent; coriaceous, dull; upper surfaces dark green; lower surfaces light green sometimes suffused with purple. Margins callose–crenulate. Petioles 2.5–7 cm long, pubescent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 2–flowered, pubescent; peduncle 2.5–4 cm long, spreading, bibracteate at or near apex; pedicels 1–2.5 cm long, spreading, bibracteolate at apex or middle. Flowers bisexual (perfect), epigynous, zygomorphic, resupinate, protandrous. Hypanthium 1.2–2 cm long, 1–2.2 cm in diameter, hemispheric or obovoid, pubescent. Perianth 5.5–6.5 cm long, bilabiate, green (rarely tinged purple) outside, white or cream within, pubescent; tube 2.2–3 cm long, 0.9–1.8 cm in diameter, gently curved; lobes 2.6–3.8 cm long, 3–5 mm wide, spreading. Stamens 5, syngenesious, alternate with the corolla lobes, included or slightly exserted, suberect or gently curved; anthers connate, dithecal, opening introrsely by longitudinal slits, white, the 3 dorsal ones a little longer than the 2 ventral ones, the latter with tufts of stiff white trichomes at apex, otherwise glabrous, or sometimes pubescent along the sutures, rarely so on the surfaces, the tube 1.7–2 cm long, 3.5–4 mm in diameter, glabrous; filaments connate above, free from the corolla, 3–4.5 cm long, white or cream, glabrous. Pollen tricolporate, prolate, ellipsoidal. Ovary inferior, 2-carpellate, 2-loculed; ovule placentation axile, placentae large; style slender, terete (cylindrical), with a ring of stiff white hairs near apex; stigma 2-lobed, the lobes appressed and non–receptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out pollen, after which the stigmas spread and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries 2.5–4 cm long; 2.5–4 cm wide; orange; subglobose. Seeds numerous; tiny; dark brown or black; minutely foveate–reticulate; shiny; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Montane rain forests and subalpine forests.

Elevation Range: 1220–1825 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Ethnobotanical Images

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Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Molokai Not in flora
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 23: 67 (1962)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:431 (EM, H); Lammers 1991:45 (KEY, DESCR); Thomas, Magnacca, et al. 2025:238 (remove M [re-IDed as C. kakeana])

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Disturbed Metrosideros - Acacia koa closed forest. Preserved_Specimen Height 6 ft. tall, rooted under large fallen log. Flowers immature, green, pubescent. Cuddihy, L.W. 130 Hawaii BISH 1980-01-14
2 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In dense rich forest. Preserved_Specimen Entire flower pale green except for dark green longitudinal grooves on ovary. Degener, O. 21837 Hawaii BISH 1952-02-15
3 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic koa - ohia forest with other native trees and a native fern & shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Huge flowers; calye grn-white outside; white-grn inside; anthers white. Leaf above dk grn; below light grn. Conant, P. 631 Hawaii BISH 1976-05-26
4 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing in disturbed Metrosideros - Acacia forest along jeep road in full sun. Asso. plants include Ilex, Myrsine, Cibotium, and Sadleria. Preserved_Specimen Several branched shrub, 5' tall. Leaves flushed purple. Flowers green & purple, thick textured. Davis, J. 887 Hawaii BISH 1982-05-05
5 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Epiphyte on base of `ohi`a in pastureland. 200 ft. from fenceline of Kilauea Forest Reserve. Preserved_Specimen Epiphytic. Shrub about 6 ft. tall, sterile. Large orange, sulcate fruit seen October 24, not collected. Cuddihy, L.W. 36 Hawaii BISH 1979-12-13
6 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rare indisturbed Metrosideros - Acacia forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 6' tall, 6' spread basal diam. 3-4. Excellent vigor. Flowers green outside, white within, young fruit present. Clarke, G. 689 Hawaii BISH 1982-04-16
7 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Disturbed Acacia koa - Metrosideros forest; grwoing near Vicia menziesii (pop. TKB#1). Preserved_Specimen Flowers green outside, white inside including staminal column. No fruit. Davis, J. 172 Hawaii BISH 1980-03-06
8 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 26029 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-01
9 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In forest. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 26030 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-01
10 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic koa-ohia forest w/other native trees and a native-exotic shrub and grass u/s. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; 0.8 cm dia; 4m tall; 28 branches. Epiphyte. Fruit smooth, 35 mm across, epicentral, 5 - 10 shallow grooves, orange at maturity. Leaves mostly upright; growing on `a`a Warshauer, F.R. 2022 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-25
11 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry native shrub community with scattered 'ohi'a & other native trees. Preserved_Specimen In bud; calyx yellow-grn w/ dk green stripes; hypanthium yell-grn white w/ stripes on ridges. Collins, M. 605 Hawaii BISH 1976-02-03
12 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia - Metrosideros Montane Mesic Forest with...Athyrium, Dryopteris, Coprosma, Rubus hawaiensis, Ilex, Vaccinium, Myrsine, Carex. Preserved_Specimen fruit; 2 plants in area. Epiphytic on Metrosideros; 2 m tall tree; in flower and Wood, K.R. 969 Hawaii BISH 1991-06-25
13 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic koa-ohia forest with other native trees and a native-exotic shrub and grass understory. Growing on steep side of gulch. Preserved_Specimen 5 cm. diam.; 1.5 m. tall; pale green flowers, 2 per peduncle; mature fruit pale orange, 4x3.5 cm, almost round. Decumbent stem. Warshauer, F.R. 1289 Hawaii BISH 1977-08-09
14 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In forest. Preserved_Specimen Lindsey, T. 25768 Hawaii BISH 1957-03-01
15 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Disturbed Acacia - Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Sterile. 5.5 ft. tall, 6 ft. spread. Basal diameter 4. Rooted on old fallen log. No purple on plant. Cuddihy, L.W. 38 Hawaii BISH 1979-12-12
16 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic koa-ohia forest with other native trees and a native fern & shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Calyx green-white outside, whitish green inside; anthers white; huge flower. Leaf above dark green, lighter below. Conant, P. 630 Hawaii BISH 1976-05-26
17 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing within `a`a substrate on the side of a shallow gully. Vegetation: open Metrosideros - Acacia forest with open mixed shrubs and scattered Dryopteris. Preserved_Specimen A tree 8 ft. ht., 3 1/2 basal diameter, spread 8 ft. x 12 ft., excellent vigor. Flowers whitish-green. Clarke, G. 568 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-20
18 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic koa-ohia forest with other native trees and a native fern and shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Hug flower, calyx green-white outside, white-green inside, anthers white. Conant, P. 631 Hawaii BISH 1976-05-26
19 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26798 Hawaii BISH 1971-06-25
20 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 26029 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-01
21 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In dense rich forest. Preserved_Specimen Entire flower pale green except for dark green longitudinal grooves on ovary. Degener, O. 21837 Hawaii BISH 1952-02-15
22 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Plant with milky sap. Fls.; calyx bright green 2 1/2 in. long, enclosing lighter-green corolla 2 1/4 in. long, stamens white, ovary whitish with ten green longitudinal stripes. Rock, J.F.C. 25900 Hawaii BISH 1957-04-05
23 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Near Vicia pop. B1. Preserved_Specimen Epiphytic on fallen tree. Ht. 4' leaning lenght 5'. Spread 4', basal diameter 3 1/2. Many buds, colors- yellowish base, green tube with purplish tip. Inside of open flowers entirely white including whole of staminal column; outside of corolla medium green (not light). Davis, J. 172 Hawaii BISH 1980-03-06
24 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Of occasional abundance, growing in an open to closed Acacia - Metrosideros forest with mixed fern understory. Preserved_Specimen Tree, 10 ft. ht., 15 ft. spread, 3 in. basal diameter, good vigor, epiphytic (6 ft abive ground), multi-stemmed, fruit only. Clarke, G. 642 Hawaii BISH 1981-11-18
25 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Epiphytic on fallen log in very disturbed Metrosideros - Acacia koa forest. Preserved_Specimen Small tree, epiphytis. Flowers green outside, white inside. Cuddihy, L.W. 84 Hawaii BISH 1979-12-23
26 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Plant with milky sap. Fls.; calyx bright green 2 1/2 in. long, enclosing lighter-green corolla 2 1/4 in. long, stamens white, ovary whitish with ten green longitudinal stripes. Rock, J.F.C. 25900 Hawaii BISH 1957-05-05
27 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Leaf above dk grn, below light grn. Conant, P. 631 Hawaii BISH 1976-05-26
28 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Scattered in small clusters of 3-10 plants in gulch sides out of the reach of feral goats. Vegetation: Degraded Acacia/Metrosideros Montane Mesic Forest, w/ Coprosma, Pteris, Polystichum, Sadleria, Lythrum, Dodonaea, Myrsine, Cyrtandra, Diplazium, Perrottetia, Lobelia, Dryopteris, Ilex, Peperomia, Adiantum. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 90637 Maui BISH 2006-09-28
29 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen In fresh material lower leaves quite red. Duvall, F. Hawaii BISH 1987-03-10
30 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 18662 Hawaii BISH 1938-01-01
31 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 5 cm dia, 1.5 m tall; decumbent stem. Warshauer, F.R. 1289 Hawaii BISH 1977-08-09
32 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 689 Hawaii BISH 1982-04-16
33 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 26030 Hawaii BISH 1958-01-01
34 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1442 Hawaii BISH 1979-09-26
35 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Koa - ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 5 cm Bd; 1 + m tall; 2 + m wide. Epiphyte. 2 m up on Cibotium. Mature fruit. Warshauer, F.R. 1464 Hawaii BISH 1977-04-10
36 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Duvall, F. Hawaii BISH 1987-03-10
37 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25900 Hawaii BISH 1957-04-05
38 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH
39 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing with Cibotium, Pelea, Vaccinium calycinum, Cheirodendron, Metrosideros and Myoporum. Preserved_Specimen Ht. 7', spread 6', base 3 1/2 diameter. Branches - 9 from 1 ponit. Leaves tinted purple below and margin edges. Flowers dark purple, base lighter reddish-purplish. Few flowers, no fruit. Davis, J. 306 Hawaii BISH 1980-06-25
40 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details At edge of log jam in Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu) pasture. Preserved_Specimen Young tree 4 1/2' tall rooted under log. No Flowers or fruit. Underside of leaves entirely dull purple in color. Cuddihy, L.W. 658 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-30
41 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing in log jam, on log beside jeep trial in Metrosideros - Acacia koa forest. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 5' tall. Epiphytic. Flowers white inside, green outside, very fleshy. Flower buds purplish at tips. Cuddihy, L.W. 466 Hawaii BISH 1980-05-20
42 Clermontia lindseyana Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing in log jam, epiphytic on log beside jeep trail in disturbed Metrosideros - Acacia koa forest. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 5' tall. Flowers white inside, green outside, very fleshy. Flwoers buds purplish at tips. Cuddihy, L.W. 466 Hawaii BISH 1980-05-20
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